The compression attribute controls whether Tomcat compresses content when sending it to clients. This can have a massive impact on reducing network traffic, allowing responses to be sent back to the client much faster, while at the same time allowing for more network bandwidth to be available for other network heavy applications.
When using connectors, a pool of threads is dedicated to each connector. If you are using multiple connectors, you can configure an executor. An executor is a common thread pool that can be shared by multiple connectors.
Not only does this allow better sharing of threads across connectors, but it also provides a mechanism to lower the number of threads in the pool should the incoming workload not require these threads for processing. When using a thread pool per connector, Tomcat does not reclaim threads in the pool, so if you see a large spurt of requests once, this can increase the number of threads in the pool for the entire lifetime of the Tomcat server.
When using an executor, the maxThreads setting is defined at the executor level. In such a case, Tomcat administrators need to monitor the thread pool activity and usage at the executor level, not at the connector level. Check this blog to understand the performance impact that improper SSL certificate configuration can have on Tomcat performance. To improve performance, Tomcat is configured by default to cache static resources.
However, the size of the cache must be configured to be large enough to provide performance savings. Connection opens to the database are expensive. Connection pooling is a common technique for optimizing database accesses by having a pool of open connections so that requests can take connections from the pool and return connections back to the pool once they are done with their tasks.
By not having to create and tear down connections for each request, connection pooling allows application response to be faster and reduces the overhead of connection handling on the database server. Tomcat has built-in support for database connection pooling. The server. There is only one server. The web.
There is one web. The default settings inherited by all web applications are defined by a web. Inefficient application code can also cause the application deployed on Tomcat to be slow. However, logging to output files is a synchronized operation and excessive logging can actually slow down application performance. Employ transaction tracing techniques that are based on byte-code instrumentation to monitor application processing without needing any changes to the application code.
IT teams and developers can use this capability to drill down into slow transactions and proactively detect performance problems before they impact end-users. Distributed transaction tracing used to identify code-level issues in web applications powered by Tomcat.
You may often hear that application servers based on Java, such as Tomcat, are slow or not production ready. In this blog, we have provided a range of best practice configurations to get the most out of your Tomcat web application server. Our eG Enterprise application performance monitoring solution uses Apache Tomcat as the core container engine and has been widely deployed to support monitoring of tens of thousands of servers, tens of millions of real-time metrics, and over a hundred thousand end users in production.
So, you can be sure that the best practices we have provided here actually work! Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Privacy Policy Terms of Use. A Holistic Approach is Needed for Tuning Tomcat Performance A first step to achieving high performance is to recognize that tuning the Tomcat application server alone is not sufficient.
Performance tuning must be done at every layer: the operating system, JVM, Tomcat container, and at the application code level In the following sections, we will present best practices to configure the operating system, JVM, Tomcat container, and application code for best possible performance.
Configuring the Operating System for High Performance Ensure that the server operating system is sized correctly for the expected workload. To achieve best performance, use a bit operating system. For best performance, ensure that a dedicated system is provided for Tomcat. There are also a number of well documented operating system tweaks that should be applied to get the maximum performance. For instance, for a Linux system, ensure that the limit of open files is high enough that it is not affecting Tomcat performance more tips can be found here.
Likewise, TCP settings at the operating system level also have to be tuned to ensure that a burst of connection requests can be handled at the operating system level. TCP port exhaustion issues also have to be avoided. If the Tomcat server is to be deployed on a Microsoft Windows server, changes to Windows registry settings may be required. See this article for a list of registry changes recommended. Before you start adjusting any settings, you should make sure that you have chosen a modern JVM for your application.
This may seem like a daunting task, and it is certainly not a small one, but the good news is that Tomcat is a very configurable system, and by following a logical process of testing and implementation, you can vastly improve your site's performance.
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While some of Tomcat's settings can be adjusted in a way that will increase any site's performance, the most beneficial techniques for increasing Tomcat's performance are need-specific - that is, they are geared towards making Tomcat perform in the best way for your site, based on factors such as the types of traffic you serve and the web applications your server runs.
Before getting down to business, let's take a look at the biggest limits on your site's performance. Three factors negatively impact Tomcat's performance more than any others - network delays, remote client latency, and application architecture.
Two of these factors - network delays and remote client latency - are for the most part unavoidable, although using a web server in front of Tomcat to serve static content will free up more power for dynamic content. However, the largest increases in performance are directly related to the architecture of your web applications.
Consequently, the first step towards streamlining Tomcat's performance is determining the needs of your site, and using benchmark tools to obtain a clear, comprehensive picture of your site's current performance.
Before any improvements can be made, it is essential to establish an accurate benchmark of your site's current performance, so that any changes can be measured in a useful, quantifiable manner. There are a wide variety of both commercial and free tools that you can use to measure Tomcat's performance.
Two of the most effective, Apache Jakarta JMeter, and ab, an HTTP server benchmark tool provided by Apache, can be obtained for free on Apache's website, along with further documentation and more specialized benchmark tools. To generate a high-quality benchmark, it is important to simulate the real world scenario in which your site operates as closely as possible.
Your test system should be as close a match to your production system as possible. Use the same hardware, OS, and software, and populate databases with the expected real-world record load. Generate traffic that is characteristic of your real-world traffic - if you are expecting lots of human traffic, don't test your system with repetitive HTTP requests.
When running your benchmarks, make sure to include tests for any special situations such as short term traffic spikes or searches that return extremely large result sets. Your final tests should be run over a two to three day period, as factors such as variable JVM performance and Tomcat memory leaks may only expose themselves after a longer time period. Now that you've established your benchmark, it's time to apply a few techniques that provide a general increase in performance for almost all Tomcat users.
This will allow you to determine how much your application's architecture needs to be modified. The proper Tomcat JVM configuration is essential for getting the most out of your server. Before you start changing any settings, you should make sure that you have chosen the most logical JVM for your site's needs.
There are a growing number of JVM vendors, and if you do not require any JDK-specific functionality, it is a good idea to run some benchmarks and see which solution gives you the best performance.
Setup - How to install and run Apache Tomcat on a variety of platforms. First web application - An introduction to the concepts of a web application as defined in the Servlet Specification.
Deployer - Operating the Apache Tomcat Deployer to deploy, precompile, and validate web applications. Manager - Operating the Manager web app to deploy, undeploy, and redeploy applications while Apache Tomcat is running. Realms and Access Control - Description of how to configure Realms databases of users, passwords, and their associated roles for use in web applications that utilize Container Managed Security.
Security Manager - Configuring and using a Java Security Manager to support fine-grained control over the behavior of your web applications. Examples for many popular databases. Classloading - Information about class loading in Apache Tomcat, including where to place your application classes so that they are visible.
Proxy Support - Configuring Apache Tomcat to run behind a proxy server or a web server functioning as a proxy server. Default Servlet - Configuring the default servlet and customizing directory listings.
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